Armenia

The Emblem of Armenia has been accepted on August, 23rd, 1990 by the Supreme Armenian Soviet. The arms of the first Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) which has been developed by architect Alexander Tamanjan and artist Hagop Kodzhojan has been put in a basis. The emblem is made with following elements. A board — in the centre — mountain Ararat which is a symbol of the Armenian nation, at its top Noy’s Ark as according to a bible legend the ark after a flood has stopped on this mountain. The board is divided into 4 sections which symbolize four independent Armenian kingdoms in history of Armenia, they are: Arshakouniants, Artashesiants, Brgatouniants and Rubiniants. Lion and the Eagle, who stand up for a board, are kings of fauna and symbolize itself wisdom, pride, patience and nobleness. During many centuries they were symbols of royal families. In the bottom of a board there are five more important elements. The broken off circuit means freedom and independence, a sword — authority and force of the nation, wheaten ears — a hardworking nature of Armenians, the handle — intellectual and a cultural heritage of Armenian people. The three-coloured tape means a flag of Republic of Armenia.

Armenia is not so small continental country in the south of the Western Asia, in Southern Transcaucasia. It borders on Georgia (164 km) in the north and Azerbaijan in the east (566 km) and a southwest (221 km). Iran (35 km) is the western neighbour; Turkey (268 km) is southern one. Through territory of the country run railways and highways, the air ways connecting Russia with the countries Near and Middle East.

Armenia is the country of an ancient civilization. After falling of the slaveholding state Urartu (VI century B.C.) actually Armenian empire was toed. Later, there was a powerful slaveholding empire — Great Armenia, on a boundary of II and I centuries B. C. In the end of IV century the Armenian empire has fallen into decay and has been divided between Persia and Byzantium. In VII — XV centuries country has undergone to numerous invasions of Arabs, Byzantines, Mongols, etc.

During the Russia-Persian wars 1804 — 1828 East Armenia has been attached to Russian empire. From May till November, 1920 there was an Armenian republic in which the authority had an Armenian party «Dashnakcjutun»; in territory English-Turkish armies were deployed. In November, 1920 the republic was released by Red Army and has been toed Armenian SSR. In 1922 it was included into the Transcaucasian federation and in its structure since December 1936 г.-is direct in the USSR. In August, 1991 the modern name of republic is accepted, in September, 1991 — its independence is proclaimed. In December, 1991 Armenia was included into the CIS. In 1988 — 1889 the conflict has arisen, accompanied military actions, between Armenia and Azerbaijan concerning status of Nagorny Karabakh. From 1994 both parties are observed an armistice.

A state system is:

The head of the state is the President selected for 5 years.
The maximum legislature is National assembly.
Executive authority is carried out by the government — the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.